Interesting chart that distinguishes between Personalization, Differentiation and Individualization.

What do you think?

I think the most effective approach is to combine Personalization and Individualization as mentioned in the article.

For me, the competency based model is the key where demonstration of mastery by learner helps augment self-paced learning. From our perspective, this helps in recommendation of related content/tools on platform.

I agree that a competency based model (vs time based) is the right end state. What effectively measures competency? Tests?

Western Governors University has embraced this model. They provide course materials to a student Day 1. Day 2 they allow students to take a test. If they pass, they pass the course.

I think simple tests are not the only measure of competency. Given the project based approach, a combination of theoretical and practical application (think RWA application) is the direction to be headed.

Definitely. Practical application and even teaching what you've learned is the way to go. Tough thing is how do you measure that in a web scalable way?